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第四章 文化
 

第四章 文化

一、             高频词汇、短语  

民间艺术         folk arts

高雅艺术         refined art

戏剧艺术         theatrical art

电影艺术         cinematographic art

爱国主义精神       patriotism

文化产业         culture industry

文化事业         cultural undertaking

文化交流         cross-cultural communication

文化冲突         culture shock

乡村文化         rural culture

民族文化         national culture

表演艺术         performing art

文化底蕴         cultural deposit

华夏祖先         the Chinese ancestors

同宗同源         of the same origin

中国文学         Chinese literature

中国武术         Chinese martial art/Kung Fu

中国书法         Chinese calligraphy

哲学家          philosopher

四大发明         the four great inventions of ancient China

火药           gunpowder

造纸术          paper-making

印刷术          printing

指南针          the compass

四书           the Four Books

大学           the Great Learning

中庸           the Doctrine of the Mean

论语           the Analects of Confucius

孟子           the Mencius

孔子           Confucius

孟子           Mencius

老子           Lao Tzu

庄子           Chuang Tzu

墨子           Mo Tzu

孙子           Sun Tzu

中国画          traditional Chinese painting

水墨画          Chinese brush painting; ink and wash painting

武术门派         styles or schools of martial art

习武健身         practice martial art for fitness

古代格斗术        ancient form of combat

武林高手         top martial artist

气功           Qigong; deep breathing exercises

空手道          karate

拳击           boxing

击剑           fencing

跆拳道          tae kwon do

柔道           judo

中国武术协会       Chinese Martial Art Association

武侠小说         tales of roving knights/kung fu novels

汉学家          sinologist

偏旁部首         radical

笔画           stroke

中国热          Sinomania

汉语的四声调       the four tones of Chinese characters

平声           level tone

上声           rising tone

仄声           falling-rising tone

去声           falling tone

孙子兵法         the Art of War

西游记          Journey to the West; Pilgrimage to the West

三国演义         Romance of Three Kingdoms

红楼梦          Dreams of the Red Mansions

水浒传          Heroes of the Marshes; Tales of the Water Margin

资治通鉴         History as a Mirror

春秋           the Spring and Autumn Annals

史记           Historical Records

诗经           the Book of Songs; the Book of Odes

书经           the Book of History

易经           I Ching; the Book of Changes

礼记           the Book of Rites

三字经          three-character scripture/three-word chant

八股文          eight-part essay/stereotyped writing

五言绝句         five-character quatrain

七言律诗         seven-character octave

四合院          quadrangle

京剧           Peking Opera

独角戏          monodrama

杂技           acrobatics

相声           witty dialogue comedy, standup comedy

马戏           circus show

哑剧           pantomime; mime

踩高跷          stilt walk

说书           story-telling

木偶戏          puppet show

口技           ventriloquism

京剧票友         amateur performer of Peking Opera

篆刻           seal cutting

图章           seal

工艺           workmanship/craftsmanship

手工艺品         handicraft

泥人           clay figure

唐三彩          trio-colored glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty

陶器           pottery

苏绣           Suzhou embroidery

文房四宝         the four stationary treasures of the Chinese study-a writing brush,

             an ink stick, an ink stone and paper

寓言           fable

神话           mythology

传说           legend

十二生肖         zodiac

公历           gregorian calendar

阴历           lunar calendar

对联           antithetical couplet

天干           heavenly stem

地支           earthly branch

闰年           leap year

二十四节气        the twenty-four solar terms

本命年          one’s year of birth in the circle of twelve years

传统节日         traditional holidays

春节           Spring Festival

元宵节          Lantern Festival

清明节          Pure Brightness Festival

端午节          dragon boat festival

中秋节          Mid-Autumn Festival

重阳节          Double Ninth Day/the Aged Day

才子佳人         gifted scholars and beautiful ladies

中华文明         Chinese civilization

朝代           dynasty

中外学者         Chinese and overseas scholars

考古学家         archaeologist

人类学家         anthropologist

进化论          Darwinism

无神论          atheism

宿命论          determinism

启蒙运动         enlightenment

辩证的          dialectic

先知           illuminati

佛教           Buddhism

儒教           Confucianism

道教           Taoism

形而上学         metaphysics

基督教          Christianity

新教           Protestant

天主教          Catholicism

洗礼           baptism

伊斯兰教         Islam

教堂           Church

寺庙           temple

修道院          abbey

礼拜堂          chapel

斋月           Ramadan; month of fast

喇嘛           Lama

邪教           cult

宗教仪式         religious ritual

异教徒          infidel

宗教矛盾         religious contradictions

孔庙           temple of Confucius

天主教堂                  cathedral

《中高级口译考试词汇必备》

篆书         seal script / seal character

隶书……      official script

行书          running script

草书……      cursive script

楷书……      regular script

拜年           pay a new year visit

爆竹、鞭炮     firecracker

除夕           Eve of Chinese new year

春联           spring couplets

辞旧迎新       bring out the old year and ring in the new 

饺子           boiled dumpling

锅贴           pot sticker

庙会           temple fair

鸣钟辞旧岁     ring out the old year

年画           traditional new year pictures

年夜饭         the eve feast / family reunion dinner on lunar new year's eve

年终大扫除     year end household cleaning

守岁           stay up late on the new year's eve

压岁钱         new year gift money / money given to children as a new year gift

舞龙           dragon dance

元宵           sweet sticky rice dumplings

花灯           festival lantern

灯谜           lantern riddle

狮子舞         lion dance

清明节          Pure Brightness Festival

扫墓            perform sacrifices to one's ancestors or relatives

祭祖            offer sacrifices to the ancestors

踏青            go for an outing in spring

赛龙舟          dragon-boat race

粽子            pyramid shaped dumpling made by glutinous rice wrapped in reed or bamboo leaves

亡灵            departed soul

忠臣            loyal minister

屈原            the poet

月饼            mooncake

赏月            appreciate the glorious full moon

桂花            sweet osmanthus

赏菊            admire the beauty of chrysanthemum

登高            climb mountain

中药            TCMtraditional chinese medicine

秦始皇          the first emperor / emperor Qin

皇太后          empress dowager

汉高祖刘邦      founder of the Han dynasty (206 B.C---220 A.D)

文明摇篮        cradle of civilization

明清两代        Ming and Qing dynasties

中华文明        Chinese civilization

历史学家        historian

地理学家        geographer

江南水乡        the south of the lower reaches of Yangtse River

水乡景色        riverside scenery

 

二、高频短句

a)         中华文明博大精深、源远流长。

The Chinese civilization is extensive and profound, and has a long history.

 

 

b)        现代化的交通、电信与大众传媒手段使世界变得越来越小,国际社会如同一个地球村,居住在地球村里的各国人民在文化交流和冲撞中和睦相处、彼此尊重、共求发展。

Modern means of transportation, telecommunication and mass media have shortened the geographical distance of the world. The international community appears to be no more than a global village, in which peoples of all nations experience the inevitable cultural exchanges and clashes, while seeking common development in a harmonious and respectful relationship

.

c)        当代社会的民族文化不可能在自我封闭的状态下得到发展。不同的文化应该相互学习,取长补短。

In this modern world, the culture of any nation cannot develop in isolation and different cultures should learn from each other’s strengths to offset their own weaknesses.

d)        在广泛的文化交流中,一个民族的文化必须保持本民族的鲜明特色。我认为,文化交流不是让外来文化吞没自己的文化,而是为了丰富各民族的文化。

The culture of a nation must withhold its own distinctive national characteristics in its extensive exchange with other cultures. Cultural exchange, I think, is by no means a process of losing one’s own culture to a foreign culture, but a process of enriching each other’s national cultures.

e)         中国历史上产生了许多杰出的哲学家、思想家、政治家、军事家、科学家和文学艺术家,留下了浩如烟海的文化典籍。

China produced in its history many outstanding philosophers, thinkers, statesmen, strategist, scientists, writers and artists and left us numerous volumes of literature.

f)         春秋战国时期出现的“百家争鸣”局面和老子孔子等诸子百家的学说,在世界思想史上占有重要的地位。

The scene of “contention of a hundred schools of thought” brought forth in the Spring and Autumn Period 2500 years ago and the Warring States Period over 2200 years ago and the emergence of various schools of thought and their exponents such as Lao Tzu and Confucius about 2400 years ago all occupy a very important position in the world history of philosophy.

g)        不同文化背景的人在一起时会做出一些令对方感到不舒服的事,他们并非故意要这样做,有时甚至连自己都未察觉。

People from different cultures sometimes do things that make each other uncomfortable, without meaning to or sometimes without even realizing it.

h)        大多数美国人通常天真、率直,友好坦率,喜欢结识人,欢迎客人来访,愿意召集正式的或非正式的聚会。

Most Americans are usually spontaneous, friendly and open, and enjoy meeting new people, having guests and dringing people together formally or informally.

i)          美国人往往不拘礼节,讲话毫无拘束。所以,要是你的美国主人做出了使你感到不舒服的事,你应该设法让他们知道你的感受。他们会喜欢你的诚实态度,尽量不再做令你不快的事。

They tend to be informal and speak freely. So if your American hosts do something that makes you uncomfortable, try to let them know how you feel. They will appreciate your honesty and try not to make you uncomfortable again.

j)          中餐桌上最神奇、最有特色的用餐工具莫过于筷子。几千年来我们中国人一直视筷子为一种最简单同时也是最有效的用餐工具。

No eating tools on the Chinese dinner table are more magical and distinctive than the chopsticks. For thousands of years we Chinese have always regarded chopsticks the simplest possible and the most efficient tool for meals.

  

三、             口译练习部分

拥有5000多年的文明史,这是我们中国人的骄傲。中华民族的传统文化博大精深、源远流长。早在2000多年前,就产生了以孔孟为代表的儒家学说和以老庄为代表的道家学说。以及其他许多也在中国思想史上有地位的学说流派,这就是有名的“诸子百家”。

The 5000-year-long civilization is the source of pride of every Chinese. The traditional Chinese culture, both extensive and profound, starts far back and runs a long, long course. More than 2,000 years ago, there emerged in China Confucianism represented by Confucius and Mencius, Taoism represented by Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi, and many other theories and doctrines that figured prominently in the history of Chinese thought, all being covered by the famous term” the masters’ hundred schools.”

 

中华民族传统文化中有它的许多珍贵品,许多人民性和民主性的好东西。比如,强调仁爱,强调群体,强调和而不同,强调天下为公。特别是“天下兴亡,匹夫有责”的爱国情操,“民为邦本”“民贵君轻”的民本思想,“己所不欲,勿施于人”的待人之道。

The traditional Chinese culture presents many precious ideas and qualities, which are essentially populist and democratic. For example, they lay stress on the importance of kindness and love in human relations, on the interest of the community, on seeking harmony without uniformity and on the idea that the world is for all. Especially, patriotism as embodied in the saying ”Everybody is responsible for the rise or fall of the country”; the populist ideas that “people are the foundation of the country” and that “people are the more important than the monarch”; the code of conduct of “Don’t do to others what you don’t want others to do to you”.

 

昨夜,王母唤小二进了屋,语重心长对他道:“你也老大不小了,该考虑结婚成家的大事了。前些日子,临村的王媒婆给你介绍了一位叫做如花的姑娘,她貌美如花,温柔贤惠,吃苦耐劳,但唯一美中不足的是食量太大了。”

Last night Wang Xiaoer's mother called him in and said to him very seriously, "you are not young any more, and it is about the right time that you find a right girl and have a family. Just a couple of days ago, the matchmaker Mrs. Wang in the neighbor village introduce you a very beautiful girl whose name was Ruhua, and she was tender considerate and hardworking, but the only problem she's got is she eats a lot."